Effects of oral steroid sparing immunosuppressive drugs in long term maintenance treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy

Abstract

Background and objectives: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an acquired treatable autoimmune disorder. Due to limited availability and affordability of IV immunoglobulins and therapeutic plasma exchange in Pakistan, oral immunosuppressive drugs (ISDs) are used despite limited role in literature. The study aimed to determine the response to ISDs in CIDP patients by assessing the frequency of remission, reduction of disability using a neuropathy related disability score called Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment score (or INCAT score), as well as reduction in steroid maintenance dose.

Methods: The retrospective observational study of six months duration (May to October, 2020) was carried out in Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Medical record of all the patients with idiopathic CIDP taking oral ISDs in last five years was selected which included bio-data, clinical signs and symptoms, medication details, and INCAT scores. Descriptive statistics were described i.e. frequency, percentages, mean/standard deviation using Microsoft Excel v.2021.

Results: Out of thirteen patients, Azathioprine was used in nine, Mycophenolate mofetil in two and Cyclosporine in two, with remission (INCAT score improvement ≥ 1) achieved in eight, one and zero patients respectively. Duration of ISDs ranged from three to twenty-four months (average 15.8 months). Patients with monoclonal paraproteinemia and prior exposure to ISDs had a poor response to the introduction of subsequent ISDs.

Conclusion: The study describes preliminary experience of the potential role of relatively cheaper and more convenient oral ISDs (especially Azathioprine) as an alternative or sparing agent to first line agents for CIDP and sets the stage for larger scale studies and randomized controlled trials.

Abbreviations: CIDP: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, NCAT: Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment, ISD: Immunosuppressive drug. IVIG: Intravenous immunoglobulins, MGUS: Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance, POEMS: Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal gammopathy, and Skin changes. TPE: Therapeutic plasma exchange.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.8.7719

How to cite this: Sajjad A, Hameed S, Khan S. Effects of oral steroid sparing immunosuppressive drugs in long term maintenance treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.8.7719

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.