The pursuit of happiness: Unraveling its key determinants among nursing students in Pakistan

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the determinants of happiness among nursing students in Pakistan by examining the associations between happiness levels and demographic, psychosocial, institutional, and lifestyle factors.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 302 nursing students between April 18th to June 30, 2025 in the nursing colleges located in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire based on two sections: demographic profile and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form (OHQ-SF) to assess happiness level. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and ordinal logistic regression were used for data analysis.

Results: A total of 302 nursing students participated in the study, with the majority being female (87.4%) and single (97.7%). Happiness among students declined with academic progression, particularly in the second year (p = .003). Higher happiness was significantly associated with strong faculty support, good sleep, satisfaction with nursing education, a positive work environment, access to mental health services, and an active lifestyle (all p < .05). Ordinal regression confirmed that personal choice of profession, moderate physical activity, and part-time employment were key predictors.

Conclusion: The happiness among nursing students is related to individual characteristics, institutional environment, personal choice and healthy lifestyle. Therefore, there is need for nursing programs to support student autonomy, healthy lifestyles and institutional satisfaction to strengthen emotional resilience and well-being among nursing students in Pakistan.