Integrating emerging technologies for varicose veins: A systematic review of comparative efficacy

Abstract

Background & objective: This systematic review studies the comparative effects of emerging technology-integrated physiotherapy interventions in the treatment of varicose veins, focusing enhanced venous return, relief of symptoms and improving functional outcomes. By synthesizing existing evidence, this review seeks to identify the potential benefits, limitations, and clinical implications of these integrated approaches.

Methodology: The review was registered under PROSPERA CRD420251006176 and was conducted from April to May 2025. A detailed literature review was conducted through PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus and Web of Science databases published between March 2020 to March 2024 for experimental studies. The review fulfilled PRISMA guidelines and included Randomized controlled Trials above score of seven on Pedro Scale. Intervention strategies based on emerging technologies and wearable devices were included in the review. Studies published in languages other than English were excluded. Outcome patterns were identified by conducting by qualitative analysis.

Results: Technology integrated interventions have demonstrated clinical improvements in venous severity scores, pain relief and patient adherence. Few studies have considerable challenges such as sustainability concerns in long term use. These emerging technology-based physiotherapy interventions offer a promising approach to improving outcomes in patients with varicose veins.

Recommendations: Future researches should exhibit long term outcomes of these interventions on patient outcomes and patient performance.

PROSPERO Registration Number: PROSPERO 2025 CRD420251006176.