Risk factors of previously undiagnosed and known untreated hypertension among patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus

Muhammad Adnan; Wasif Noor; Mirza Muhammad Ayub Baig

doi:10.12669/pjms.39.2.6329

Muhammad Adnan National Institute of Health, Health Research Institute https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7255-9450
Wasif Noor
Mirza Muhammad Ayub Baig

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6329

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, Blood pressure, Risk factors, Patient compliance

Abstract

Objectives: To find the risk factors of previously undiagnosed and known untreated hypertension among patients with Type- 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: The cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Diabetes Clinic of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore during Oct–Dec 2021. Total 153 known diabetics were enrolled using convenience sampling. Patients (n=24) with ischemic heart disease, hepatitis or missing information excluded. Data from 129 cases of Type-2 diabetes presenting with and without hypertension analyzed using SPSS. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate the adjusted odds ratios.

Results: Mean age of all diabetics (n=129) was 49.0±10.7 years. The participation of females was higher than males (65.1% vs. 34.9%). The frequency of hypertension, previously undiagnosed hypertension and known untreated hypertension was 58.1%, 25.3% and 19.6%, respectively. Among risk factors, frequency of high intake of salt was 67.4%, sedentary lifestyle was 65.1%, obesity was 37.2%, and poor glycemic control was 58.9%. Young age [aOR=2.01, 95.0% CI 0.53–7.61], low family income <20000 PKR/month [aOR=2.70, 95.0% CI 0.92–7.96], high intake of salt [aOR=3.22, 95.0% CI 0.98–10.61], elevated total cholesterol [aOR=3.68, 95.0% CI 0.85–15.85], poor glycemic control [aOR=3.28, 95.0% CI 0.51–21.13], and overweight/ obesity [aOR=9.07, 95.0% CI 1.6–51.39] had higher risk of previously undiagnosed or known untreated HTN.

Conclusions: Prevalence of previously undiagnosed and known untreated hypertension is high among Type-2 diabetics. Strict compliance to diabetes care guidelines is much needed to minimize the risk of undiagnosed and untreated hypertension.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6329

How to cite this: Adnan M, Noor W, Baig MMA. Risk factors of previously undiagnosed and known untreated hypertension among patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):361-366. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6329

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.